◈ WHITEPAPER

OriginForge Whitepaper (V1.0)

This is version V1.0 and will continue to evolve. The on-chain contracts and the live frontend implementation shall prevail.

1. Project Overview

OriginForge is an on-chain financial system built around the ORIGIN token (Bonding Curve) + Component NFTs + Identity NFTs.

Core goals:

  • Enable transparent minting and redemption (buy/sell) of ORIGIN through a verifiable bonding-curve pricing mechanism.
  • Link trading behavior with the “component draw” gameplay: users exchange ORIGIN for tickets and open blind boxes to obtain Component NFTs.
  • Use components as materials to forge Identity NFTs and participate in subsequent staking/dividend mechanics.

The system consists of five major modules:

  1. Trade: Buy/sell ORIGIN along the bonding curve.
  2. Draw: Use tickets to open blind boxes and draw Component NFTs (with a chance of getting nothing).
  3. Activate: Activate drawn components from a “pending activation” state into usable Component NFTs (ERC-1155).
  4. Craft: Use four parts of the same rarity to forge one Identity NFT (ERC-721a).
  5. Stake: Stake Identity NFTs to earn fee-dividend rights.

2. Bonding Curve Algorithm

2.1 Core Variables

  • S: Current ORIGIN supply
  • S_max: Maximum supply
  • R: Curve reserve (denominated in ETH)
  • k: Curve shape parameter (controls how fast price increases as supply grows)

2.2 Intuition: Price vs. Supply

The system uses a monotonically increasing curve:

  • Buying ORIGIN: users pay ETH, supply increases, price goes up.
  • Selling ORIGIN: users sell ORIGIN back, supply decreases, ETH is returned (minus sell tax), price goes down.

For clarity, the frontend visualizes the curve around parameter k and explains it with the following “approximate form” (the contract is the source of truth):

S = S_max * (1 - e^(-R / k))
R = -k * ln(1 - S / S_max)

This family of curves has two important properties:

  • As S approaches S_max, the curve accelerates significantly in the “late stage” (price climbs sharply).
  • When R is small, supply changes more smoothly.

2.3 Fees and Tax Rates

The system charges fees on trades (for protocol operation and economic design) with fixed configuration:

  • Buy tax: 1%
  • Sell tax: 2%

3. Parameter Settings

Below is a summary of key parameters in the current version.

3.1 Ticket Exchange Rate

  • 4000 ORIGIN = 1 ticket

3.2 Supply Caps

  • ORIGIN max supply: 21,000,000
  • Total Component NFT cap: 4800
  • Total Identity NFT cap: 1200

3.3 Rarity Allocation (scaled by total supply)

Identity NFT cap:

  • Common: 960
  • Rare: 216
  • Genesis: 24

Total Component NFTs (all four parts combined):

  • Common: 3840
  • Rare: 864
  • Genesis: 96

Each part’s component count maps 1:1 to identity rarity (per part: 960 / 216 / 24).

4. Gameplay Flow

4.1 Trade

  1. Connect wallet
  2. Buy ORIGIN with ETH on the curve
  3. Or sell ORIGIN back to receive ETH (minus sell tax)

4.2 Draw

  1. Buying ORIGIN automatically grants tickets based on the configured rate
  2. Tickets obtained from different purchase batches may have different draw probabilities (probability changes dynamically with ORIGIN mint progress)
  3. Open blind boxes with tickets to draw Component NFTs; to ensure fairness, a “delayed 3-block reveal” mechanism is used. After clicking “Draw”, a follow-up transaction is required to help finalize the outcome
  4. Outcomes may be: Empty / Common / Rare / Genesis (probability determined by the batch of the tickets consumed)

4.3 Activate

Drawn components enter a “pending activation” state. When selling tokens, pending components may be automatically burned (if the available-open count and the pending-reveal count are insufficient to cover the amount of tokens being sold, pending components will be burned as needed, from lower rarity to higher rarity).

Users need to perform activation to mint them into real Component NFTs (which can then be used for crafting/transfers and subsequent gameplay).

During activation, each component requires injecting 1000 ORIGIN as “energy support”. After minting, it can be burned at any time to withdraw the same amount of ORIGIN (however, once it is crafted into an Identity NFT, it can no longer be burned; the embedded ORIGIN will be automatically burned).

4.4 Craft

  1. Select four parts of the same rarity: Head / Body / Hand / Background
  2. The frontend submits the selected component IDs to the backend “composition service”
  3. The backend combines the component SVG layers into a pure SVG (no external links) and uploads it to IPFS
  4. The frontend calls the contract to complete crafting and minting

4.5 Stake & Dividends

Identity NFTs can be staked to participate in fee dividends. Different rarities have different weights (Common 1x / Rare 5x / Genesis 25x).

5. Dynamic Probability (Draw Distribution)

Blind-box draw probability changes dynamically with “mint progress” to balance early gameplay experience and late-stage scarcity.

Example anchor point in the current version (initial distribution at progress = 0%):

  • Empty: 20%
  • Common: 65%
  • Rare: 13.5%
  • Genesis: 1.5%

As progress increases, the empty probability gradually decreases, while other rarities increase accordingly (the exact curve is defined jointly by the contract and the frontend curve function).

6. Risk Notice

  • On-chain trades involve price volatility and slippage risk. Please review details before confirming transactions.
  • Third-party wallets, RPC endpoints, or network issues may affect the user experience.
  • Nothing in this document constitutes investment advice.